Hence in 1498, he descended upon Milan. The Duchy of Parma was created in 1545 from a part of the Duchy of Milan south of the Po River, as a fief for Pope Paul III's illegitimate son, Pier Luigi Farnese, centered on the city of Parma. The emperor Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor held the duchy from 1535, eventually investing it on his son Philip II, King of Spain from 1556. It is owned by Fliss, a polynesian worker who was unable to pay the loan repayments on time during the past months so the boat is at risk of being possessed and taken of her hands. [5], Ludovico invested in agriculture, horse and cattle breeding, and the metal industry. Ludovico decided to fend him off using France, then ruled by Charles VIII, as his ally. Ludovico decided to fend him off using France, then ruled by Charles VIII, as his ally. This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. [7] The French rewarded Turmann for his treason with 200 gold crowns (corresponding to five years' salary of a mercenary); he escaped to France, but after three years (or, according to some sources, after one year) he returned home to Uri. After Louis XII's ascension to the French Throne in 1499, he started the Second Italian War to conquer Milan and Naples. The charge was perpetuated by later historians who espoused the ideal of national independence. During much of its existence, it was wedged between Savoy to the west, Venice to the east, the Swiss Co [6] However, in 1308 Guido started a quarrel with his cousin, the Archbishop Cassone della Torre. Ludovico Maria Sforza (Italian pronunciation: [ludoˈviːko maˈriːa ˈsfɔrtsa]; 27 July 1452 – 27 May 1508), also known as Ludovico il Moro (Italian: [il ˈmɔːro]; "the Moor"),[a] was an Italian Renaissance prince who ruled as Duke of Milan from 1494, following the death of his nephew Gian Galeazzo Sforza, until 1499. But by then, his luck seemed to have run out. Taking advantage of the state's weakness and the resurgent Guelph-Ghibelline conflict, the commander-in-chief of the Milanese forces, Francesco I Sforza, defected from Milan to Venice in 1448,[12] and two years later, after several side switches and cunning strategies, Sforza entered the city during Annunciation. The university of Pavia flourished under him. After their defeat in the Battle of Marignano in 1515, the Swiss retired from Milan and Massimiliano was imprisoned by the returning French troops. The Duke of Milan serves as a means of conveyance for voyages. This kingdom ceased to exist when the remaining portion of it was annexed to the Kingdom of Italy in 1866. After an assault on Milan Cathedral, Cassone fled to Bologna and solicited an imperial intervention. The brothers Luchino and Giovanni Visconti added Bellinzona (present-day Switzerland in 1342, Parma (Emilia) in 1346 and several territories in southwestern Piedmont in 1347: Tortona, Alessandria, Asti, and Mondovì. He is probably best known as the man who commissioned The Last Supper, as well as for his role in precipitating the Italian Wars. The Duchy was created in 1395 by Gian Galeazzo Visconti, then the Lord of Milan, and a member of the important Visconti family, that had been ruling the city since 1277. In 1535, Francesco died without heirs, the question of succession again arose, with both the emperor and the King of France claiming the duchy, leading to more wars. However, with the death of Charles, the French throne was inherited by his cousin, Louis of Orléans, who became Louis XII of France. The House of Visconti had been expanding their dominions for nearly a century, under the reigns of Azzone Visconti, Luchino Visconti, Giovanni Visconti, Bernabò Visconti and Gian Galeazzo Visconti: during the rule of Azzone Visconti, the Ossola in Piedmont had been conquered in 1331, followed by Bergamo and Pavia (Lombardy) and Novara (Piedmont) in 1332, Pontremoli (Tuscany) in 1333, Vercelli (Piedmont) and Cremona (Lombardy) in 1334, the Lombard cities of Como, Crema, Lodi and the Valtellina in 1335, Bormio (Lombardy) and Piacenza (Emilia) in 1336, and Brescia and the Val Camonica in 1337.[10]. In 1498, the Duke of Orleans became King of France as Louis XII, and immediately sought to make good his father's claim to Milan. The new king had a hereditary claim to Milan, as his paternal grandmother was Valentina Visconti, daughter of Giangaleazzo Visconti, the first Duke of Milan. Francesco II died in 1535, sparking the Italian War of 1536–1538, as a result of which Milan passed to the Spanish Empire. He permitted the French troops to pass through Milan so they might attack Naples. The Duchy of Milan was an Italian state located in northern Italy and part of the Holy Roman Empire.
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