1.8 shows the average spectral reflectance curves for three typical earth's features: vegetation, soil and water. Spectral reflectance of common land covers Vegetation has a unique spectral signature which enables it to be distinguished readily from other types of land cover in an optical/near-infrared image. A compound in leaves called chlorophyll strongly absorbs radiation in the red and blue wavelengths but reflect green wavelength. Typical Spectral Reflectance Curve of Soil, Water and Vegetation. The internal structure of healthy leaves act as diffuse reflector of … Spectral Reflectance Curve of Dead/Stressed Vegetation 2. SR = R NIR / R R 17 Optical Properties The spectral reflectance curves for vigorous vegetation manifests the "Peak-and-valley" configuration. The Reflectance … If the spectral response to moistening is not exactly the same in the two spectral bands, the NDVI of an area can appear to change as a result of soil moisture changes (precipitation or evaporation) and not because of vegetation changes. Spectral reflectance characteristics of vegetation 63 2.2 Photoelectric elements 2.2a Reflectance spectrophotometers: These instruments measure the hemispherical reflectance of sample stick on a window of a sphere and lighted by an artificial source of radiation. Spectral Reflectance Curves for Natural Grass and Artificial Turf Visible versus Infrared Photos Visible Portion (Panchromatic) Near Infrared Football field has Artificial Turf Typical Spectral Reflectance curves for Vegetation, Soil and Water Lines in the figure represent average reflectance curves VEGETATION (Healthy Green Vegetation) Spectral Reflectance *The reflectance characteristics of Earth’s surface features may be quantified by measuring the portion of incident energy that is reflected. Water has strong absorption bands around 1.45, 1.95 and 2.50 µm. Vegetation: The reflectance received in t he r an g e f r om about 0.7 t o 1.3 μm from vegetation and it reflects t y p i c al l y 40 - 50% of the ene r gy i nc i de n t upon it. A typical spectral reflectance curve of the most common earth surface materials viz., water and vegetation is shown in Fig 1. Vegetation typically absorbs in the red and blue wavelengths, reflects in the green wavelength, strongly reflects in the near infrared (NIR) wavelength, and displays strong absorption features in wavelengths where atmospheric water is present. The VIs are used to analyze various ecologies. Spectral reflectance curve of dead stressed vegetation 1. The USGS Spectral Library contains reflectance spectra, including samples of minerals, rocks, soils, physically constructed as well as mathematically computed mixtures, plants, vegetation communities, microorganisms, and man-made materials. VIs are constructed from reflectance measurements in two or more wavelengths to analyze specific characteristics of vegetation, such as total leaf area and water content. The reflectance of vegetation in the SWIR region (e.g. Simple Ratio (SR) Vegetation Index The near-infrared (NIR) to red Simple Ratio (SR) is the first true vegetation index: Takes advantage of the relationship between high absorption by chlorophyll of red radiant energy and high reflectance of near-infrared energy for healthy leaves and plant canopies. Vegetation reflectance properties are used to derive vegetation indices (VIs). band 5 of Landsat TM and band 4 of SPOT 4 sensors) is more varied, depending on the types of plants and the plant's water content. Soil effects: Soils tend to darken when wet, so that their reflectance is a direct function of water content. Spectral Reflectance of Vegetation The spectral characteristics of vegetation vary with wavelength. Every object on the surface of the earth has its unique spectral reflectance.Fig. The reflectance from vegetation depends upon internal structure of leaf and condition of plant. Vegetation interacts with solar radiation in a different way than other natural materials. To detect healthy vegetation using this band combination is easy because the spectral reflectance curve of a healthy green vegetation has a significant low reflectance in the electromagnetic spectrum visible portion which comes from the plants leaves pigments.
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